Theory of partnership: Ladder of Citizen Participation - Sherry R Arnstein

This ladder was developed in 1969 in the context of citizen involvement in planning processes in the United States. It has been widely adapted in other sectors, including education. It provides a good basis for thinking about the nature of involvement beyond merely consultation and potentially even deeper than partnership.
You can download the original article, while sparqs has developed a version of the ladder that explains each step and can be an accessible discussion tool.
Item Number:168
- Self-Evaluation and Action Plan (SEAP) guidance for SAs and student officers - sparqs
- Scotland's Ambition for Student Partnership - sparqs
- Online and blended learning: best practice for a successful student induction - sparqs
- Suggested questions for Course Reps to use 2024-25 - sparqs
- Online and blended learning: reflective questions for students and staff - sparqs
- The Future of Learning & Teaching: defining and delivering an effective and inclusive digital/blended offering - SFC et al
- A guide to inducting students association education officers - sparqs
- Developing the future careers of SA education officers: outduction toolkit - sparqs et al
- Creating and reviewing student engagement roles - sparqs
- Supporting Sabbatical Officers as they leave office - University of St Andrews Students
- Online Student Learning Experience Model - Perth College UHI
- Students as active partners in shaping their learning experience - Leeds Trinity University College
- Theory of partnership: Ladder of Citizen Participation - Sherry R Arnstein
- Understanding the SU's key relationships: The Cadogan Matrice
- ABCD of Effective Feedback - sparqs
- Framework for the Development of Strong and Effective College Students
- A Student Engagement Framework for Scotland - sparqs and sector partners
- Student Partnership Staircase - sparqs
- Supporting Senior Student Officers in Universities - sparqs
- Engaging Students in Online Distance Learning - sparqs
For all resources published by sparqs, see the "sparqs Resources" category in the list on the left, including the following:
- Student Learning Experience model
- Scotland's Ambition for Student Partnership
- A Student Engagement Framework for Scotland
+ resources linked to the SEF - ABCD of Effective Feedback
- Student Partnership Staircase
See all sparqs publications (Strategic Plans, celebration reports, etc.) here.